3.1 Families of Elements

Identify the three classes of elements as metals, non-metals, metalloids, and be able to recognize the groups of elements based on properties or characteristics.

Study Guide

Explain each concept

è The periodic law states that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

è A horizontal row is called a period, a vertical column is called a group or family.

è Elements in a group usually have similar properties.

è The alkali metals (Group 1) are the most reactive metals.

è The alkaline-earth metals (Group 2) are less reactive than the alkali metals.

è The transition metals (Groups 3–12) include most of the well-known metals.

è Groups 13–16 contain the metalloids along with some metals and nonmetals.

è The halogens (Group 17) are very reactive nonmetals.

è The noble gases (Group 18) are un-reactive nonmetals.

è Hydrogen is by itself because its properties do not match those of any one group.

3.1 Families of Elements (cont)

For Honors, Accelerated & Pre-IB classes: Emphasize the following:

1. which group will readily combine with other groups?

2. understanding of isotopes

3. compare reactivity of elements

è Noble Gas Family

è Boron Family

è Carbon Family

è Oxygen Family